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Attention to detail is a trait that varies considerably in the general population, with implications for global or local processes more broadly. It is an important characteristic that plays a big part in our daily lives. However, previous literature state that individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have higher attention to detail. ASD is a developmental disorder most commonly involving problems with communication and social interactions. Individuals with ASD have been identified as having social impairments relating to small amounts of social attention, however, they tend to process visual information using a more local processing strategy than global. Local processing strategy suggests that the individuals view multiple points of an image before recognizing it thus making it stronger and more reliable. The global processing strategy suggests that individuals view images as a whole when recognizing them. It is expected that individuals that use global features will commit errors that differ from other individuals that recognize images based on local feature processing (Kamarainen, Kyrki, & Kälviäinen, 2007).
ASD individuals have been said to have higher attention to detail as they use their local processing strategy, which has led to researchers expanding previous literature to investigate how attention to detail relates to local or global processing. In relation to ASD, previous literature suggests that the global processing strategy of someone with a developmental disorder appeared to be reduced or impaired. A study by K. Suzanne Scherf and her colleagues investigated the development of perceptual grouping abilities in high-functioning individuals with autism between the ages of 8 to 30 years using a classic compound letter global and local task and a hierarchical shape stimulus. In the global and local task, as opposed to the controlled typically developing participants, the Autistic group failed to show age-related improvements in their abilities to encode the global tasks. Regardless of their ages, the ASD group was consistently faster than the typically developing controlled group at perceiving the local elements in the displayed task. As mentioned in the study, the addition, Perceptual Functioning (EPF) model which was originally proposed as a framework that would help with the understanding of ASD (Mottron & Burack, 2001), suggested that ASD is characterized by an atypical relationship. This relationship is between the higher and lower order of cognitive processing, in the lower level of perceptual processes (processing of local information) are more developed, which is disruptive to the development of the higher-order processes (processing of global information) on the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ). However, some limitations to this study, as well as others, are that the researchers used compound letter stimuli to evaluate developmental differences in sensitivity to global (big letter) and local (small letters) information and hierarchical shape stimulus only and did not include any natural image stimulus. Including natural images as well as letter tasks would be better as natural images are globally known and could help determine better results to show the correlation between ASD has on attention to detail.
In contrast to the study mentioned, this study aims to investigate whether a similar association between attention to detail as a personality trait might be found in the general population, resulting in longer reaction times (RT) when viewing scenes than those who score lower in this personality trait. This study is expanding previous literature and research, however, is taking a different approach as compared to many other studies that research ASD and have typically developed individuals as a controlled group. It is hypothesized that the general population will have a longer reaction time for those who score higher on the personality and the individuals that score lower on the personality test will have a shorter reaction time. This study will report on the correlation between attention to detail and their reaction time to natural images and the extraction of information from a gist. A gist extraction is a typical method of information processing for the general public, multiple types of gist can be developed during information processing (Reyna and Brainerd, 1995). The gist of natural scenes can be extracted very rapidly and even without focal attention. This is used as the visual system forms a spatial representation of the outside world to recognize a few objects and other salient information in the image (reference). In relation to local and global processing, the gist extraction helps with the understanding of the correlation as when attention is distributed globally, the gist or semantic meaning of a scene is extracted based on its global layout.
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