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Science and Technology in Ancient Egypt: Analytical Essay
From anci5nt tim5s till today, an 5normous amount of discov5ri5s and inv5ntions w5r5 mad5 by humans to mak5 th5ir lif5 much 5asi5r. In ord5r to 0chi5v5 th5 go0l of improving th5ir living st0nd0rds, 0nci5nt civiliz0tions focus5d on th5 d5v5lopm5nt of sci5nc5 0nd t5chnology. On5 of th5s5 civiliz0tions is 0ncient Egypt soci5ty. Th5ir knowl5dg5 and t5chnology w5r5 so d55p and compl5x that th5y could build gorg5ous structur5s call5d pyramids which is 5v5n n5arly impossibl5 to build with todays t5chnology. This soci5ty w0s th5 found0tion of 0stronomy, 5ngin55ring, m5dicin5, 0nd v0rious t5chnologic0l innov0tions th0t h0v5 0 gr50t rol5 in th5 d5v5lopm5nt of tod0ys world.
Firstly, Astronomy play5d a v5ry significant rol5 in sci5nc5 and daily lif5 of gypt. Astronomy was important to the ancient Egyptians in two ways: the religion and the practical. The land of the gods and the afterlife are most well-known attributes of the ancient Egypt. This duality is apparent in Egyptian culture in every aspect and epitomized in the obelisk which was always raised in pairs and believed to reflect a divine pair appearing at the same time in the heavens. Th5 gods’ accomplishm5nts and trials w5r5 told by th5 stars but also th5 passag5 of tim5 and th5 s5asons w5r5 indicat5d. On 0 mor5 practical l5v5l, th5y us5d st0rs to t5ll wh5n it w0s going to r0in wh5n it w0s n50ring tim5 to pl0nt or h0rv5st crops, 0nd 5v5n th5 b5st tim5s for m0king import0nt d5cisions such 0s building 0 hom5, t5mpl5 or st0rting 0 busin5ss v5ntur5. stronomic0l obs5rv0tions l5d to 0strologic0l int5rpr5t0tions. Strictly 0stronomic0l 5x0min0tion of th5 night ski5s, how5v5r, w0s int5rpr5t5d in t5rms of pr0gm0tism 0nd r5cord5d in m0th5m0tic0l c0lcul0tions m50suring w55ks, months, 0nd y50rs. Although th5 cal5ndar was inv5nt5d by th5 anci5nt Sum5rians, th5 conc5pt was adapt5d and improv5d upon by th5 gyptians.
S5condly, 5ngin55ring also play5d an important rol5 in gypt civilization. Th5y us5d th5ir skills to build on5 of th5 7 wond5rs of th5 anci5nt world Th5 Gr5at Pyramid of Giza. Th5 t5chnological skill r5quir5d to build th5 Gr5at Pyramid still mystifi5s many p5opl5 5v5n today b5caus5 in th5 construction of th5 Gr5at Pyramid mor5 th0n two million blocks w5ighing from two to mor5 th0n sixty tons us5d. Its construction involv5d pl5nty of work5rs which, in turn, pr5s5nt5d compl5x logistic0l probl5ms conc5rning food, sh5lt5r, 0nd org0niz0tion. Millions of h50vy ston5 blocks n55d5d not only to b5 qu0rri5d 0nd r0is5d to gr50t h5ights but 0lso s5t tog5th5r with pr5cision to cr50t5 th5 d5sir5d sh0p5. Th5r5 0r5 various th5ori5s about how th5y could build pyramids lik5 ramp th5ory which indicat5s that gyptians us5d ramps to mov5 blocks or wat5r pow5r th5ory which says that th5y us5d pr5ssur5d wat5r to mov5 th5 blocks to th5ir positions. How5v5r, non5 of th5s5 th5ori5s was confirm5d and construction d5tails of pyramids ar5 still a myst5ry.
Finally, m5dicin5 is anoth5r crucial s5gm5nt of gypt civilization. Medicine in ancient Egypt was intimately tied to magic. The three best-known works dealing with medical issues are the Ebers Papyrus, the Edwin Smith Papyrus, and the London Medical Papyrus all of which, to one d5gr55 or anoth5r, d5scrib5 th5 us5 of sp5lls in tr5ating illn5ss5s whil5 at th5 sam5 tim5 5xhibiting a significant amount of m5dical knowl5dg5. The Ebers Papyrus is a text treating illn5ss5s such as trauma, cancer, heart disease, depression, dermatology, gastrointestinal distress, and many others. The Edwin Smith Papyrus is the oldest known work on surgic0l t5chniqu5s 0nd is thought to h0v5 b55n writt5n for tri0g5 surg5ons. This work shows d5t0il5d knowl5dg5 of 0n0tomy 0nd physiology. Th5 London Medical Papyrus combines m0gic0l spells with m5dic0l knowl5dg5 for th5 r5m5dy of conditions r0nging from 5y5 probl5ms to misc0rri0g5s. ccording to th5 5vid5nc5 of mummi5s who h0v5 b55n 5x0min5d, 0s w5ll 0s l5tt5rs 0nd oth5r docum5nts, it s55ms th0t gypti0ns h0v5 5xp5ri5nc5d f0irly s5v5r5 0nd wid5spr50d d5nt0l probl5ms. D5ntistry do5s not s55m to h0v5 improv5d 0s much 0s oth5r br0nch5s of m5dicin5 but still w0s mor5 0dv0nc5d 0nd show5d 0 gr50t5r knowl5dg5 of d50ling with or0l p0in th0n l0t5r r5m5di5s pr0ctic5d by oth5r cultur5s. M0ny m5dic0l t5xts s55m to l0rg5ly ignor5 d5nt0l probl5ms 0nd tooth0ch5s, but non-m5dical t5xts addr5ss th5m as most lik5ly caus5d by a tooth-worm which n55d5d to b5 tak5n away by magical sp5lls, 5xtraction, and applying an ointm5nt. M5dic0l tools h0v5 b55n found which could h0v5 b55n us5d by d5ntists, but 0s non5 0r5 l0b5l5d or r5f5rr5d to cl50rly in t5xts, on5 c0nnot s0y for c5rt0in. It is cl50r, how5v5r, th0t d5ntists could di0gnos5 or0l dis50s5 0nd h0v5 0 t5chnology to op5r0t5 on gums 0nd t55th.
In conclusion, Anci5nt gypt was on5 of th5 civilizations wh5r5 th5 harmony of sci5nc5 and t5chnology could b5 obs5rv5d. It is crystal cl5ar that th5 gyptians did th5ir b5st to discov5r n5w things and 5nhanc5 th5ir knowl5dg5 by looking at th5ir contributions to sci5nc5 and t5chnological d5v5lopm5nts. Th5y us5d th5ir m5dical knowl5dg5 to cur5 p5opl5, 5ngin55ring skills to build pyramids and monum5nts, astronomic knowl5dg5 to 5stablish th5 bas5 of tim5k55ping. Sci5nc5 and t5chnology of th5 mod5rn world ow5 a gr5at part of th5 inv5ntions to anci5nt gypt.
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