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Antibiotics: Working Mechanism of Fluoroquinolone
Introduction
Fluoroquinolone is prescribed for the treatment of bacterial infections: the medicine binds the beta-lactam ring to DD-transpeptidase, preventing bacteria from constructing a new cell wall (Collignon & McEwen, 2019). Bacterial death is caused by the loss of a cell wall, which exposes the bacterium to lethal circumstances. Fluoroquinolones have a direct effect on peptidoglycans, which are important structures in bacteria. Along the plasma membrane, peptidoglycans create a robust mesh-like cell structure. The wall stops water and debris from entering the bacterium cell (Bazakis et al., 2020). When the peptidoglycans are damaged, fluids and particles enter the cell, bursting the bacteria and killing them.
Selective Toxicity
Selective toxicity refers to an antibiotic acting primarily on the microorganism while causing little or no harm to the host, which is usually the human body. Fluoroquinolone demonstrates specific toxicity in its effect on peptidoglycan cell walls, destroying the pathogens (Collignon & McEwen, 2019). Because human cells lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls, fluoroquinolone has a selective toxicity to microbes.
Bacteria Resistance
Fluoroquinolone resistance can develop in bacteria through recombination. Through mutagenesis, the duplicated cells develop alterations that render them resistant to Fluoroquinolone. Regardless of antibiotic exposure, the altered bacteria continue to grow. When bacteria lacking resistance mutations are exposed to antibiotics, they usually perish. The altered bacteria display natural selection via survival, even in the presence of antibiotics, and pass on the resistant characteristic to their progeny.
Measures to Limit Bacterial Infections
A society can take a number of steps to reduce infectious diseases. This includes: firstly, avoiding the transmission of illnesses via proper hygiene and increased cleanliness (Kirchhoff et al., 2018). Secondly, consumers should avoid over-the-counter medications in favor of antibiotics obtained through a doctors prescription. Furthermore, if bacteria resistance develops, one must seek medical attention to prevent its spread.
Conclusion
Bacterial resistance to Fluoroquinolone can be determined using the e-test. To get quantifiable data, the e-test employs the agar dilution concept (Collignon & McEwen, 2019). The validated e-test sections are deposited on the sodium alginate substratum and incubated for 24 hours, and the interaction of the gradient microbial agent and the test microbes on the gelatin surface results in elliptical zones that may be read. The intersection of the elliptical inhibiting region and the scale on the strip yields minimal inhibitory concentration.
References
Bazakis, A. M., Akhondi, H., & Weir, A. J. (2020). Procaine Fluoroquinolone. StatPearls Publishing. Web.
Collignon, P., & McEwen, S. (2019). One healthits importance in helping to control antimicrobial resistance better. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, 4(1), 22. Web.
Kirchhoff, J., Glaser, U., Bohnert, J. A., Pletz, M. W., Popp, J., & Neugebauer, U. (2018). Simple ciprofloxacin resistance test and determination of minimal inhibitory concentration within 2 h using raman spectroscopy. Analytical Chemistry, 90(3), 18111818. Web.
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