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HIV Diseases and Kaposi Sarcomas Relationship

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HIV Diseases and Kaposi Sarcomas Relationship

Description of the Steps Taken to Conduct Data Analysis

The relationship between KS and HIV has become increasingly ambiguous because of modern treatment methods for HIV (American Cancer Society 1; Bowling 7). In this paper, I sought to find out the relationship between the two variables. To do so, I analyzed data using SPSS (Argyrous 2-5; Verma 8). I used the Chi-Square test, Paired-sample T-test, and ANOVA tests to compare the variables and proportions of the data obtained. I also used frequency values and pie charts to analyze HIV and KS values. Comparatively, I used frequency (mean and median), the paired sample t-test, the ANOVA test (including Levene test) and correlation Pearson to analyze sbp1 and sbp2 values.

Summary of Statistical Findings

Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid Missing Total
N Percent N Percent N Percent
HIV disease * Kaposi Sarcoma * Sex or Gender 78 100.0% 0 0.0% 78 100.0%
HIV disease * Kaposi Sarcoma * Sex or Gender Cross tabulation
Sex or Gender Kaposi Sarcoma Total
No Yes
Female HIV disease No Count 15a 9a 24
Expected Count 14.5 9.5 24.0
% within HIV disease 62.5% 37.5% 100.0%
% within Kaposi Sarcoma 65.2% 60.0% 63.2%
% of Total 39.5% 23.7% 63.2%
Yes Count 8a 6a 14
Expected Count 8.5 5.5 14.0
% within HIV disease 57.1% 42.9% 100.0%
% within Kaposi Sarcoma 34.8% 40.0% 36.8%
% of Total 21.1% 15.8% 36.8%
Total Count 23 15 38
Expected Count 23.0 15.0 38.0
% within HIV disease 60.5% 39.5% 100.0%
% within Kaposi Sarcoma 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
% of Total 60.5% 39.5% 100.0%
Male HIV disease No Count 10a 15a 25
Expected Count 10.6 14.4 25.0
% within HIV disease 40.0% 60.0% 100.0%
% within Kaposi Sarcoma 58.8% 65.2% 62.5%
% of Total 25.0% 37.5% 62.5%
Yes Count 7a 8a 15
Expected Count 6.4 8.6 15.0
% within HIV disease 46.7% 53.3% 100.0%
% within Kaposi Sarcoma 41.2% 34.8% 37.5%
% of Total 17.5% 20.0% 37.5%
Total Count 17 23 40
Expected Count 17.0 23.0 40.0
% within HIV disease 42.5% 57.5% 100.0%
% within Kaposi Sarcoma 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
% of Total 42.5% 57.5% 100.0%
Total HIV disease No Count 25a 24a 49
Expected Count 25.1 23.9 49.0
% within HIV disease 51.0% 49.0% 100.0%
% within Kaposi Sarcoma 62.5% 63.2% 62.8%
% of Total 32.1% 30.8% 62.8%
Yes Count 15a 14a 29
Expected Count 14.9 14.1 29.0
% within HIV disease 51.7% 48.3% 100.0%
% within Kaposi Sarcoma 37.5% 36.8% 37.2%
% of Total 19.2% 17.9% 37.2%
Total Count 40 38 78
Expected Count 40.0 38.0 78.0
% within HIV disease 51.3% 48.7% 100.0%
% within Kaposi Sarcoma 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
% of Total 51.3% 48.7% 100.0%
Chi-Square Tests
Sex or Gender Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Exact Sig. (2-sided) Exact Sig. (1-sided)
Female Pearson Chi-Square .106c 1 .744
Continuity Correctionb .000 1 1.000
Likelihood Ratio .106 1 .745
Fishers Exact Test 1.000 .505
N of Valid Cases 38
Male Pearson Chi-Square .171d 1 .680
Continuity Correctionb .007 1 .934
Likelihood Ratio .170 1 .680
Fishers Exact Test .749 .466
N of Valid Cases 40
Total Pearson Chi-Square .004a 1 .952
Continuity Correctionb .000 1 1.000
Likelihood Ratio .004 1 .952
Fishers Exact Test 1.000 .569
N of Valid Cases 78
a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 14.13.
b. Computed only for a 2×2 table
c. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 5.53.
d. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 6.38.
Risk Estimate
Sex or Gender Value 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Upper
Female Odds Ratio for HIV disease (No / Yes) 1.250 .326 4.788
For cohort Kaposi Sarcoma = No 1.094 .631 1.895
For cohort Kaposi Sarcoma = Yes .875 .395 1.938
N of Valid Cases 38
Male Odds Ratio for HIV disease (No / Yes) .762 .209 2.773
For cohort Kaposi Sarcoma = No .857 .416 1.767
For cohort Kaposi Sarcoma = Yes 1.125 .635 1.992
N of Valid Cases 40
Total Odds Ratio for HIV disease (No / Yes) .972 .388 2.437
For cohort Kaposi Sarcoma = No .986 .631 1.541
For cohort Kaposi Sarcoma = Yes 1.015 .632 1.628
N of Valid Cases 78

HIV and KS Values

HIV Values

HIV Values

Kaposi Sarcoma

Kaposi Sarcoma
Statistics
HIV disease Kaposi Sarcoma
N Valid 78 78
Missing 0 0
HIV disease
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid No 49 62.8 62.8 62.8
Yes 29 37.2 37.2 100.0
Total 78 100.0 100.0
Kaposi Sarcoma
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid No 40 51.3 51.3 51.3
Yes 38 48.7 48.7 100.0
Total 78 100.0 100.0

SBP1 and SBP2 values

Descriptive Statistics
N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Variance
Systolic BP 1 78 61 143 108.94 16.308 265.962
Systolic BP 2 78 55 139 102.12 15.864 251.669
Age Group 78 1 7 3.35 1.458 2.125
Valid N (listwise) 78
Descriptive Statistics
Mean Std. Deviation N
Systolic BP 1 108.94 16.308 78
Systolic BP 2 102.12 15.864 78
Correlations
Systolic BP 1 Systolic BP 2
Systolic BP 1 Pearson Correlation 1 .978**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000
N 78 78
Systolic BP 2 Pearson Correlation .978** 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .000
N 78 78
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

T-Test

One-Sample Statistics
N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
Systolic BP 1 78 108.94 16.308 1.847
Age Group 78 3.35 1.458 .165
One-Sample Test
Test Value = 0
t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
Lower Upper
Systolic BP 1 58.998 77 .000 108.942 105.27 112.62
Age Group 20.271 77 .000 3.346 3.02 3.67
Paired Samples Statistics
Mean N Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
Pair 1 Systolic BP 1 108.94 78 16.308 1.847
Systolic BP 2 102.12 78 15.864 1.796
Paired Samples Correlations
N Correlation Sig.
Pair 1 Systolic BP 1 & Systolic BP 2 78 .978 .000
Paired Samples Test
Paired Differences t df Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
Lower Upper
Pair 1 Systolic BP 1  Systolic BP 2 6.820 3.399 .385 6.053 7.586 17.718 77 .000
Descriptives
N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error 95% Confidence Interval for Mean Minimum Maximum
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Systolic BP 1 0-9 8 106.34 22.043 7.793 87.92 124.77 61 132
10-19 16 110.25 20.001 5.000 99.59 120.90 68 143
20-29 21 106.71 12.435 2.714 101.05 112.37 89 134
30-39 13 112.00 16.648 4.617 101.94 122.06 85 134
40-49 15 106.05 15.247 3.937 97.61 114.50 84 133
50-59 4 120.13 12.104 6.052 100.87 139.39 111 138
60-70 1 114.57 . . . . 115 115
Total 78 108.94 16.308 1.847 105.27 112.62 61 143
Systolic BP 2 0-9 8 99.17 21.882 7.736 80.88 117.47 55 125
10-19 16 102.50 20.154 5.039 91.76 113.24 62 139
20-29 21 100.39 12.501 2.728 94.70 106.08 81 130
30-39 13 105.07 14.635 4.059 96.22 113.91 79 124
40-49 15 100.93 15.776 4.073 92.20 109.67 80 130
50-59 4 108.92 9.326 4.663 94.08 123.76 102 123
60-70 1 108.41 . . . . 108 108
Total 78 102.12 15.864 1.796 98.55 105.70 55 139
Test of Homogeneity of Variances
Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig.
Systolic BP 1 .963a 5 71 .447
Systolic BP 2 1.065b 5 71 .387
a. Groups with only one case are ignored in computing the test of homogeneity of variance for Systolic BP 1.
b. Groups with only one case are ignored in computing the test of homogeneity of variance for Systolic BP 2.
ANOVA
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Systolic BP 1 Between Groups 964.798 6 160.800 .585 .741
Within Groups 19514.270 71 274.849
Total 20479.068 77
Systolic BP 2 Between Groups 492.982 6 82.164 .309 .930
Within Groups 18885.519 71 265.993
Total 19378.501 77

Works Cited

American Cancer Society. Kaposi Sarcoma. 2014. Web.

Argyrous, George. Statistics for Research: With a Guide to SPSS, New York, NY: SAGE, 2011. Print.

Bowling, Ann. Research Methods in Health: Investigating Health and Health Services, London, UK: McGraw-Hill International, 2009. Print.

Verma, John. Data Analysis in Management with SPSS Software, New York, NY: Springer Science & Business Media, 2012. Print.

Appendix

Appendix One: Codebook and Syntax Code

Variable Information
Variable Position Label Measurement Level Column Width Alignment Print Format Write Format
age 1 Age in Years Scale 6 Center F2 F2
sex 2 Sex or Gender Nominal 6 Left A8 A8
hiv 3 HIV disease Nominal 4 Left A6 A6
kaposisa 4 Kaposi Sarcoma Nominal 7 Left A6 A6
sbp1 5 Systolic BP 1 Scale 6 Right F8 F8
sbp2 6 Systolic BP 2 Scale 6 Right F8 F8
agegrp 7 Age Group Scale 8 Right F8 F8
delta 8 Difference sbp1 & sbp2 Scale 8 Right F8 F8
Variables in the working file
Variable Values
Value Label
sex F 2
M 1
hiv N 2
Y 1
kaposisa N 2
Y 1
agegrp 1 0-9
2 10-9
3 20-29
4 30-39
5 40-49
6 50-59
7 60-70
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