Native Americans and Navajo Heritage and Health Beliefs

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Native Americans and Navajo Heritage and Health Beliefs

Cultural Group: Native American

History

Native Americans are the indigenous people.
They occupied America before Columbus landing.
10 million Native Americans lived there (Rutherford, 2017).
Americans despised the Europeans seeing greed.
European colonization changed Native Americans.

Values and Worldview

Human-nature balance presence in relationships.
The concept of Mother Earth (Barreiro, 2016).
Many truths existence, depending on experience.
Relation between everything in the world.
Role of exchange in human relationships.

Language and Communication Patterns

70% speak English at home (Lee, 2014).
15% speak Native North American languages (Lee, 2014).
A restrained communication style is preferred.
Indirectness usually helps to refuse statements.
Eye contact can violate personal space.

Art and Other Expressive Forms

No clear definition of art exists.
Artists are better at something people.
Works of art arouse emotional responses.
Literature is a collective cultural memory.
The sculpture is used to share views.

Norms and Rules

The virtue of patience to use time.
With respect to older adults and history.
Staying out of others affairs.
Work as a purpose of life.
Listening is better than talking.

Lifestyle Characteristics

A sense of belonging to groups.
The role of silence in survival.
Caution to unfamiliar people and things.
Sincerity and friendliness in human relationships.
Fears to discover new alternatives.

Relationship Patterns and Common Rituals

Spirituality as a part of life.
Rituals as a natural component.
Religious discussions in everyday curriculum.
Spiritual healing and Shamans role.
Pow wows, death ceremonies, corn festivals.

Assimilation/Marginalization from Mainstream Society

The impact of the European invasion.
Tension and negative emotions during contact.
Evident differences between the societies.
Enslavement at legal and religious levels (Oberg, 2018).
Induced interactions with African Americans.

Health Behaviors and Practices

Native Americans prefer living on reservations.
Few hospitals are in rural areas.
Obesity, suicide, and mental health problems occur.
72 years is the life expectancy.
Tobacco and physical inactivity threaten health (Oberg, 2018).

Socio-Cultural Group: Navajo Heritage

History

Navajo occupied Arizona and New Mexico (Navajo history, n.d.).
Colorado is its territorial center.
Navajo means the people (Oberg, 2018).
The first contact was in 1581 (Navajo history, n.d.).
Navajo experienced conflicts with settlers.

Values and Worldview

A strong balance of four values.
Value of life: live in harmony.
Value of work: work with passion.
Value of human relations: clan systems.
Value of respect: respect for everything.

Language and Communication Patterns

Navajo is a commonly spoken language (Lee, 2014).
It is related to the Apache.
Non-verbal communication is highly appreciated.
Long periods of silence is normal.
Attentive listening skills are developed.

Art and Other Expressive Forms

Silversmithing is an integral art form.
Music and dance penetrate everyday life.
Navajo are famous for weaving traditions.
Navajo established sand painting basics.
The Holy People can reach art.

Norms and Rules

The rule of silence is serious.
The role of the family is integral.
The cycle is repeated every day.
Every cycle is a new lesson.
Keeping the human-nature balance is important.

Lifestyle Characteristics

Navajo are aggressive and intelligent.
Men can defend the land.
Women care for children and crops.
Everyone should fulfill certain duties.
Family respect and support are promoted.

Relationship Patterns and Common Rituals

Restoration of the human through silence.
The balance between men and women.
Navajo has more than 50 ceremonies.
Rain and corn are the main subjects.
Four worlds of Navajo life.

Assimilation/Marginalization from Mainstream Society

The US government spent centuries.
Children had to study English.
Christianity had to be practiced.
No jobs were in reservations.
People left homes to improve their lives.

Health Behaviors and Practices

Health concepts are interrelated with religion.
Family decisions about a health matter.
Herbal medicine is frequently practiced.
The Healer uses touching to restore.
Religion is the core of medicine.

Both Groups

Common Characteristics and Distinguishing Traits

Similarities

Religion plays an important role.
Healing depends on the nature-human balance.
Keeping silent is an integral rule.

Differences

One healing mans power in Navajo.
Hunter-gatherer lifestyle in Native Americans.

Differential Approaches for Health Care Professionals

Translation of all medical terms.
With respect to their herbal medicine preferences.
Time to make common family decisions.
Eye contact avoidance but hand touching.
No press for patient education.

References

Barreiro J. (2016). Call to consciousness on the fate of mother earth: Global warming and climate change. In S. Lobo, S. Talbot, & T. M. Carlston (Eds.), Native American voices: A reader (3rd ed.) (pp. 483-485). New York, NY: Routledge.

Lee, T. H. (2014). 7 most popular Native American languages in U.S.

Navajo history. (n.d.). Web.

Oberg, M. L. (2018). Native America: A history (2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Rutherford, A. (2017). A new history of the first peoples in the Americas. The Atlantic.