Theories and Approaches in Healthcare - Special Academic Support

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Jones, C. L., Jensen, J. D., Scherr, C. L., Brown, N. R., Christy, K., & Weaver, J. (2015). The Health Belief Model as an explanatory framework in communication research: Exploring parallel, serial, and moderated mediation. Health Communication, 30(6), 566-576. Web.

The researchers used the health belief model (HBM) as an exploratory model in their study. The framework entails six constructs predicting health behavior, such as risk susceptibility, the severity of risks, benefits to action, barriers to action, self-efficacy, and cues to action. Therefore, the model suggests that individuals act to avoid illness if they consider themselves susceptible to a condition and if they believe that there will be particular consequences for them. HBM was applied due to its efficacy in communication research, and the scholars focused on the impact of a vaccination campaign, specifically Indianas H1N1 vaccine campaign (Jones et al., 2016). The study proved the idea that the perceived barriers, a component of the HBM, can be consistently seen as the mediator of the relationship between exposure and behavior across models. Also, data showed that the perceived barriers were meaningfully engaged only for persons with low to moderate self-efficacy. This means that self-efficacy can be on a lower scale because of the perceived barriers to action. Applied in medical practice, HBM has the potential to be used as a platform for model testing and showing the existence of a complex underlying hierarchy that has a moderator in the form of self-efficacy, a mediator in the form of the barriers, and a causal chain between barriers and benefits.

Hashemzadeh, M., Rahimi, A., Zare-Farashbandi, F., Alavi-Naeini, A. M., & Daei, A. (2019). Transtheoretical model of health behavioral change: A systematic Review. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 24(2), 83-90. Web.

In their study, the researchers conducted a systematic review of available evidence on the transtheoretical model of health behavior (TTM). TTM has been widely used as one of the most popular models of health behavior change; it states that changes in behavior do not happen coincidently but instead due to the occurrence of processes and different people at various stages of change (SC) and readiness. Within the relevant process, individuals pass through five stages, such as pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance (Hashemzadeh et al., 2019). It is notable that the model presupposes the possibility of returning to previous stages. The researchers found strong evidence for the consistent and effective use of TTM for changing health behaviors. Importantly, it was found that the model was the most often applied to expertise behavior and physical activities. Notably, only a small number of studies explored the use of TTM when it comes to chronic disorders, but despite the low number of studies, the results were positive. Considering the act that chronic diseases are among the most pressing healthcare issues in society, TTM has the potential to be implemented by health professionals for research in such areas as obesity, multiple sclerosis, and others.

Shamizadeh, T., Jahangiry, L., Sarbakhsh, P., & Ponnet, K. (2019). Social cognitive theory-based intervention to promote physical activity among prediabetic rural people: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Trials, 98. Web.

In their study, the researchers evaluated the impact of a physical activity intervention for rural patients with prediabetes. The intervention program was based on the social cognitive theory (SCT), which was hoped to modify fasting blood sugar levels among the target group, which could further result in a decrease in diabetes incidence in a rural area (Shamizadeh et al., 2019). SCT is suitable for understanding physical health behaviors due to the interplay between individuals, environment, and behavior factors. Within the theory, self-efficacy represents the central factor, entailing the belief a person has in their ability to perform a particular behavior successfully to get the much-needed results (Shamizadeh et al., 2019). The results of the study showed to support the effectiveness of SCT-based physical activity intervention among prediabetic rural patients to lower the risk of developing diabetes. For the target population, SCT-based interventions showed to be well-adjusted in terms of helping modify health behaviors aimed at health improvements of various types and manners.

Pratt, K. J., & Skelton, J. A. (2018). Family functioning and childhood obesity treatment: A Family systems theory-informed approach. Academic Pediatrics, 18(6), 620-627. Web.

The researchers applied the family systems theory-informed approach (FST) in the context of a study focusing on family functioning and childhood obesity. FST views the family as a complicated and interactive system providing the framework for understanding family functioning as an open, ongoing, goal-seeking, self-regulating social system (Pratt & Skelton, 2018, p. 621). Within the system, there are four basic assumptions, such as the interconnectedness of its elements, systems viewed as a whole, environment interacting with the system in a feedback loop, as well as system being a heuristic model used for understanding, not being a reality. When it comes to the application of FST to addressing childhood obesity, the theory has shown to be effective because of the potential change in family routines, rules, and dynamics. By emphasizing the importance of organizing family life around healthy behaviors, FST can help address childhood obesity, which shows that the theory can be applied to Nurse Practitioner practice.

Krishnan, A., Behera, P., & Nongkynrih, B. (2017). Approach to family assessment and intervention. The National Medical Journal of India, 30(5), 279-284.

In their article, Krishnan, Behera, and Nongkynrih (2017) explored the approach to family assessment and intervention. The family assessment and intervention model entail the analysis of family dynamics in regard to young children and families in which they are born. Within every family, members have their roles and relate to one another within the particular social-cultural environment (Krishnan et al., 2017). In Nurse Practitioner practice, the family assessment and

Social services, in the context of evidence-based practice, and so on.

References

Hashemzadeh, M., Rahimi, A., Zare-Farashbandi, F., Alavi-Naeini, A. M., & Daei, A. (2019). Transtheoretical model of health behavioral change: A systematic Review. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 24(2), 83-90. Web.

Krishnan, A., Behera, P., & Nongkynrih, B. (2017). Approach to family assessment and intervention. The National Medical Journal of India, 30(5), 279-284.

Pratt, K. J., & Skelton, J. A. (2018). Family functioning and childhood obesity treatment: A family systems theory-informed approach. Academic Pediatrics, 18(6), 620-627. Web.

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