Tourette Syndrome: Chronic Neuropsychiatric Disorder

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Tourette Syndrome: Chronic Neuropsychiatric Disorder

This paper aims to shed light on the condition known as Tourette syndrome. It is essential to know what causes the tics and what kind of tics they are. Acquainting with DSM-5 so one may understand the criteria for diagnosing this disorder, as discussed in this manual. Maldie des tic was the name given to the condition by Gilles de la Tourette to the medical journal Archives de Neurologie in January of 1885. It is today known as Tourette syndrome (Jankovic, 2020). People with this disease can nevertheless go about their daily lives unhindered. Stress, weariness, allergies, or having to perform a new task that you are unfamiliar with can all contribute to the onset of the disease.

Tourette syndrome is when a person feels compelled to make an uncontrollable movement or sound, even when not stressed. DSM-5 describes Tourettes Illness as a genetic, chronic neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by early-onset physical and vocal tics. Tourettes is diagnosed in children (Lee, 2022). There are tics, which are abrupt, repeated vocal noises or jerky, quick movements that are primarily in the muscles of the face, and they are the primary distinguishing feature. Several conditions must be met before a person can be diagnosed with Tourette syndrome (Fründt et al., 2017). There must be indications of Tourette syndrome.

Tics of the jaw movement, eye blinking, head jerking, grimacing, shrugging shoulders, and lurching the arms are motor tics. Complex motor tics, such as hopping or jumping, have a more purposeful aspect (Atkinson-Clement et al., 2020). These are all vocal tics of sniffing, yelling, groaning, or clearing the throat. Complex vocal tics, another collection of terms that may or may not be understood, are also mentioned out of context. The disease affects 15 percent of people, and their statements may include a curse word or any other phrase or term that is inappropriate (Beste & Münchau, 2018). There must be several motor and verbal tics present; the tics must appear many times a day for at least a year.

Understanding the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) helps to understand the criteria for a person to be diagnosed with this disorder. Many people are affected by this illness, yet it does not prevent them from leading a regular life. As a researcher, there is an interest in learning more about the Syndrome and how it might be treated to help minimize its prevalence. Identifying Tourette syndrome is the primary goal of this paper.

Annotated Bibliography

Jankovic, J. Treatment of tics associated with Tourette syndrome. J Neural Transm 127, 843850 (2020).

The author of this article is Joseph Jankovic. This article explains Tourettes Disorder based on the DSM-5. Information such as what the symptoms of Tourettes Disorder are according to the DMS-5 may be found in this article. The explanation was done by identifying the disorders possible causes and how it is treated. The findings highlight the contributing factors that either exacerbate or alleviate the disease. The articles facts contribute to the information included in the DSM-5, making it a beneficial source of information in diagnosing and treating the disorder.

Beste, C., & Münchau, A. (2018). Tics and Tourette syndromethe surplus of actions rather than disorder? Movement Disorders, 33(2), 238-242.

The authors of this article are Beste Christian and Alexander Münchau. In this article, the author attempts to investigate whether a person who suffers from tics possesses an abnormally high number of intentional behaviors or a disorder. The author investigates this by identifying the risk factors. The findings show that tics and Tourette syndrome (TS) are sometimes lumped together under the larger category of movement disorders. However, there is no universally recognized model of tics or TS. The article provides examples of why tics and TS might be better understood when regarded as a disorder of purposeful action selection and execution.

Atkinson-Clement, C., Sofia, F., Fernandez-Egea, E., de Liege, A., Beranger, B., Klein, Y., Deniau, E., Roze, E., Hartman, a., & Worbe, Y. (2020). Structural and functional abnormalities within sensorimotor and limbic networks underpin intermittent explosive symptoms in Tourette disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 125, 1-6.

The authors of this article are Atkinson- Clement et al. It identified the existence of IEO in 55 patients with TD. This was done by comparison to those with no manifestations using the multimodal neuroimaging approach. Tourette syndrome, according to this article, is a disorder of the nervous system that leads people to engage in undesired behaviors and sounds. The findings show that the tics symptoms were the most prominent ones. The article contributes useful information in reviewing the various types of tics, motor or vocal.

Fründt, O., Woods, D., & Ganos, C. (2017). Behavioral therapy for Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorders. Neurology: Clinical Practice, 7(2), 148-156.

Odette Fründt and Douglas Woods are the people who wrote the article. The treatment for Tourette syndrome is the focus of this article. The treatment is explained in detail and tics as well as some of the associated symptoms, how drugs can help minimize them, how it varies from person to person, and some possible adverse effects. Behavioral therapy, such as habit reversal, is mentioned on the page, which has an application in treating tics.

Lee, M. Y. (2022). Living with tics: Nursing care of pediatric Tourette syndrome. Biomedical Journal, 45(2), 280-285.

Mei-YinLee is the primary author of this article, who presents the perspective of how a child with Tourette syndrome feels was provided in this article. The author does this by covering the various chromosomes, genes, or combinations thereof that may contribute to Tourettes occurrence and severity, as well as the impact of the environment on those factors. The findings show that anger outbursts, defiance, and augmentative behaviors are present in 80 percent of children with Tourettes. The drugs and therapy used to treat Tourettes are significant applications of the articles findings.

References

Beste, C., & Münchau, A. (2018). Tics and Tourette syndromethe surplus of actions rather than disorder? Movement Disorders, 33(2), 238-242.

Fründt, O., Woods, D., & Ganos, C. (2017). Behavioral therapy for Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorders. Neurology: Clinical Practice, 7(2), 148-156.

Jankovic, J. Treatment of tics associated with Tourette syndrome. J Neural Transm 127, 843850 (2020).

Lee, M. Y. (2022). Living with tics: Nursing care of pediatric Tourette syndrome. Biomedical Journal, 45(2), 280-285.

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