A phenomenon is the term used to describe a perception or responses to an event.

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A phenomenon is the term used to describe a perception or responses to an event. Examples of phenomena in nursing include caring and responses to stress. Assumptions are the ideas that we take for granted. They explain the nature of the concepts in the theory, giving it structure. Choose a middle-range theory or grand theory that, in your opinion, can be applied to research. What is the phenomenon of concern in this theory? What are the assumptions underpinning this theory? Demonstrate thorough analysis of postings and extend meaningful discussion by building on previous postings for the two post below. Post 2 The theory I will be discussing is Spiritual Care in Nursing Practice. Research has proven that, “Spirituality is associated with better physical, psychological, and social dimensions of health, which led to a Joint Commission standard that requires the provision of spiritual care in hospitals, particularly to patients at end of life”(Peterson & Bredow, 2004, p.118). The phenomenon of this theory is the positive effects of spiritual well-being on a patients health. The assumptions in the theory are that the nurse chooses to engage in spiritual care when they recognize the patient’s cue. If the nurse does not engage, for various reasons, then the spiritual care will not be carried on. If the nurse engages with the patient, the next phase of the theory can be initiated. The next assumption is that the patient is willing to connect with the nurse which can allow the nurse to engage in one of the following interventions, “Promoting patient self-reflection, promoting connectedness between patient and family, and promoting patient connectedness with a Higher Power/God”(Peterson & Bredow, 2004, p.118). The nurse can help a patient understand and associate a meaning to their tough experience and find strength in a higher power. Post 1 Orem stated that grand theories provide a wide range of knowledge available to practitioners and scholars within a nursing-specific reference, and provide a general “structure for the organization of nursing knowledge”. (Orem,2001,p. 139). The Roy Adaptation Model is a grand theory that can be applied to research because it focuses on the goals of nursing, patient, health, and environment. Her six steps of the nursing process are essential in observation. I think these are needed to establish facts and reach new conclusions about health and illness. Phenomenon: Sister Callista Roy developed the adaptation model of nursing in 1976. The phenomenon of concern is the person from a holistic perspective. She focused on the changes that occur between the environment and the human adaptive system. She said that people adapt when they can respond positively to the environment change. Assumptions underpinning the theory: She addressed that the main influence of her model is spiritual orientation. Humanism and veritivity are the basis underlying the philosophical assumptions of Roy’s model. Humanism is defined as the “broad movement in philosophy and psychology that recognizes the individual and subjective dimensions of human experiences as central to knowing and valuing”. (Roy, 2009, p.28). The concept of veritivity was introduced as the “principle of human nature that affirms a common purposefulness of human existence (Roy,2009,p.27).

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