Purnell Model for American Cubans in Miami

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Purnell Model for American Cubans in Miami

American Cubans

One of the most successful sub-groups among Hispanics
27% have a bachelors degree
Lower poverty rate compared to Hispanics
Higher income compared to Hispanics
Loyal to their traditions, customs, and language

Cubans are one of the most successful sub-groups among the citizens of the Hispanic or Latino race (Noe-Bustamante et al., 2019). The group members value their traditions and customs and often use Spanish as their primary language.

Communication

Many speak both Spanish and English
Value respect and courtesy in relationships
Focus on the current problems
Prefer formal forms of speech
May speak in a loud manner

Nurses have to respect the communication norms of Cubans and should not perceive them as rude (Purnell & Fenkl, 2019). There might be a need to remind them to be punctual when visiting a doctor.

Family Organization

Cubans espouse the patriarchal family model
Place importance on family relations
Rely on family rather than the government
Cubans are overprotective towards their children
Often negative attitude towards homosexuality

Men dominate in families, and women often act as housewives. The family plays a central role in the lives of Cubans (Purnell & Fenkl, 2019).

Biocultural ecology and High-Risk Health Behaviors

Less likely to experience diabetes (Purnell & Fenkl, 2019)
Less likely to become obese
Due to sugary diet often lose teeth
More likely to be smokers
High mortality rate among adolescents

The incidence of diabetes and obesity among Cubans is low compared to other Hispanic groups. They often smoke and consume products high in sugar, which has a negative impact on their teeth.

Nutrition

Staple foods are high in calories
Late evening dinners are common
Often consume coffee after meals
Being overweight is perceived as positive
Diets may lack green vegetables (Purnell & Fenkl, 2019)

Mealtimes should be determined in advance to schedule medication-taking appropriately. Some dietary advice on cutting on sugary and fat products may be needed in order to improve health outcomes.

Pregnancy and Childbearing

Low incidence of preterm births
Low incidence of neonatal deaths
Family members celebrate in hospitals
Many mothers choose to breastfeed (Purnell & Fenkl, 2019)
High parental care compared to other Hispanics

Cuban women are less likely to experience preterm births and neonatal deaths of their children compared to other Hispanic sub-groups. Nurses have to educate pregnant women on the importance of medical evaluations.

Death Rituals and Spirituality

Manifest their grief through crying

The majority of Cubans are Catholic

May perform special religious ceremonies

Beads, candles, small statues can be used

May express deeply fatalistic beliefs

The bereaved family members should be consoled, and their beliefs must not be challenged. Nurses should not interfere in the process of religious practices as long as they comply with the sanitation rules.

Healthcare Practices and Providers

Many seek help only in critical situations
Ask family members for health advice
Many use medicinal plants in treatments
Sick individuals depend on family
May consult folk healers Santeros

Cubans do not often visit doctors, instead relying on the family members advice and support (Purnell & Fenkl, 2019). Many Cubans drink herbal tea made of medicinal plants, and some seek the help of Santeros, traditional healers.

Sub-group Presence and Issues with the Local and Global Community

66% of the U.S. total live in Florida
Constitute 34% of the Miami population total
Considerable share of first-generation immigrants
Problems with the language barrier
Do not visit doctors regularly

The Cuban population is one of the largest in Miami, comprising more than 100,000 people (Miami AreaConnect, n.d.). Many Cuban may not speak English which will require the services of an interpreter. Nurses also have to promote preventive healthcare among the members of Cuban families.

Summary of Recommendations

Respect Cubans language and traditions
Preventive healthcare practices must be stressed
Patients family members should be involved
Traditional treatments have to be considered
Explain the danger of self-medication

Since Cubans heavily rely on their families, they also must be involved in the process of treatment. Nurses have to explain the importance of preventive measures and respect the traditions of this sub-group.

References

Miami AreaConnect. (n.d.). Miami population and demographics. Miami AreaConnect. Web.

Noe-Bustamante, L., Flores, A., & Shah, S. (2019). Facts on Hispanics of Cuban origin in the United States, 2017. Pew Research Center. Web.

Purnell, L. D., & Fenkl, E. A. (2019). Handbook for culturally competent care. Springer

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