John Locke: Influence On American Government

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John Locke: Influence On American Government

A nation where the government works for the people, where the people can rebel against the government if its not protecting their rights, where because were all equal, we all have the right to life, liberty, and property, with the separation of the church and government with no monarchy because how valid is it really that someone gets to be born into power? What kind of idea is that? One that you need to lock down, by John Locke.

John Locke was born on August 29, 1632, in Wrington, Somerset, England. His father, John Locke was a lawyer and small landowner who had served for the Parliamentary forces during the English Civil War and also served as a clerk to the Justices of the Peace in Chew Magna; His mother was Agnes Keene a tanners daughter whos said to have been beautiful. Both his parents were Puritans and middle class, Agnes being 10 years Johns senior, after a year of their marriage they had John then their second, Peter, died in infancy; and their third, Thomas, was born in August 1637. Soon after John’s birth, the family moved to Pensford, about seven miles south of Bristol, and lived in a rural Tudor house in Belluton. It is believed that Agnes died soon after her third childs birth.

For his education, he attended Westminster school at 14 years old. At Westminster, Locke studies Greek, Latin, Hebrew, Arabic, Mathematics, and Geography and in 1960 he was elected as Kings Scholar which was an academic honor and financial benefit as it allowed him to buy himself other books to further his education. Although Lockes education was a privileged one, the enforcement and disciplinary methods were one he did not approve; of as birching was practiced very often at his school. Later on in his life, Locke outed the school system in his book Some Thoughts Concerning Education (1963) due to his friend Edward Clarkes interest in proper education for his son, where he argued about how inhumane corporal punishments towards students was, described the physical cruel some abuse many students received and favored private tutoring as a better form of education and the importance of physical education. After Westminster Locke attended Christ Church, Oxford, where he found himself being unstimulated as the curriculum mainly focused on Aristotle and his philosophy and left out new philosophers and their ideas unteachable. However, that did not stop Locke from reading and learning about Francis Bacon, Rene Descartes, and many other philosophers who were not in his curriculum; he proceeded to obtain his bachelor’s degree and stayed for his masters. Locke then stayed at Christ Church and for 3-4 years taught Greek, rhetoric, and moral philosophy but that wasnt fulfilling or pleasant for him but after some readings on Descartes, his relish of philosophical things, and the Royal Society at Oxford he began experimenting and studying about chemistry, medicine and meteorology. In 1674 he then received a degree in medicine and although not qualified to practice as a doctor, he often did informally.

As Locke was growing up he made many prominent and important at-the-time friends, one of them being Lord Shaftesbury who had liver issues and Locke once operated on him at a medical emergency. Shaftesbury then thought of Locke as his life savior and invited him to his household where Locke joined as an advisor, medic, and helped in government jobs. However, Shaftesbury then fell in trouble and had to flee the country and Locke did too as he thought that his former friendship with Shaftesbury and his anti-royalist beliefs were too compromising for his own life. Therefore Locked fled to France for nearly four years (167579), spending much time in Paris and Montpellier; and later returned to England but The Earl was killed and Shaftesbury and Locke fled again but to Holland in 1683. The reason why they both were fleeing was that Shaftsbury was the founder of the Whig Party, which pushed for constitutional monarchism and stood in opposition to the dominant Tories, which Locke supported and believed in. Locke then return to England in 1688 during the reign of William and Mary, with the Whigs in power and the balance of power being moved from the throne to Parliament which made him be welcomed as a hero. As a prominent member of the Whig Party, Locke worked in governmental affairs, helped steer the resurrection of the Board of Trade with North America, and served as a key member of the party until October 28, 1704, when he died in Essex never having been married or had any children of his own with the company of his friend Lady Damaris reading him from Psalms.

Going back, while Locke studied medicine he associated himself with Robert Hooke with who he worked on Before Memex: Robert Hooke, John Locke, and Vannevar Bush on External Memory; where they studied the limits of individual memory. He later formed the Experimental Philosophy Club, along with John Wilkins, Christopher Wren, and Robert Boyle. Additionally, some of John Lockes works include: Essays on the Law of Nature (1676), Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina (1669), A Letter Concerning Toleration (1689), Two Treatises of Government (1689), An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690), Some Thoughts Concerning Education (1693) and The Reasonableness of Christianity (1695.)

For Locke on Essays on the Law of Nature (1676), in the state of nature all men are free ‘to order their actions, and dispose of their possessions and persons as they think fit, within the bounds of the law of nature& the state of nature has a law of nature to govern it, and said law is whats considered reasonable. I believe this to be true because it doesnt set a limit to mans action but enforces consequences. The fundamental Constitution of Carolina (1669) was a plan for organizing the colony of Carolina, drafted in 1669 by Anthony Ashley Cooper and John Locke. Its provisions included a scheme for creating a hierarchy of nobles who would own vast amounts of land and wield political power; below them would be a class of freedmen and slaves. The provisions were never implemented by the Carolina colonists. I like the formation of his idea but cannot agree with it as it still implemented the ownership of slaves. A Letter Concerning Toleration (1689) was concerning Locke’s establishment of the separation of church and magistrate. If the two disagree, the question can be raised as to which has the final word. The magistrate should tolerate the Church fully, except for certain doctrines, treatises, etc. Further, the magistrate should tolerate any religion, except for one which tries to deny people their civil rights. In other words, the State may regulate religion if the religion is outwardly prejudiced against another man or his property. This work was written during his stay in Holland due to his association with other exiles and the issues his native country was going through in regards to religion. I think this letter is very thorough and although I want to say I approve of it I dont because Locke also said Atheists cant be tolerated, in a way limiting beliefs and the lack of them. Two Treatises of Government (1689) are works in which The First Treatise attacks monarchy for having absolute power and on the Second Treatise Locke summarizes his idea on a differently ordered society, in which theres freedom for all but also political order. This work was done before he fled to Holland and based on Englands political situation at the time and the Glorious Revolution. This one is the one work I can genuinely say I like because even though it criticizes the government it also offers ideas on how to fix it, and how the monarchy wasnt exactly a good idea which I also dont stand for. An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690) consists of four volumes and its central idea is that all knowledge we obtain is derived from experience, I think that this is something I can agree with because of personal experiences of how I have learned from previous experiences in life lessons. These works of his were also written in Holland in regards to Scholastics, the existence of God, moral truths, and Platos philosophy. The Reasonableness of Christianity (1695) is where Locke shares his belief that we all have the ability to understand our purpose and we can obtain salvation from reading and learning about the Scriptures, for this one all I can say is that even though Im not a religious person, I do believe we have the capability of understanding and finding our true purpose without having to pay someone else to tell us it.

Essentially all of Lockes works have impacted politics from the Western World, England, and France. For example, it inspired The Glorious Revolution, The American Revolution, the writings of Voltaire, The writings of Rousseau, The French Revolution, Alexander Hamilton, and other founding fathers as to what a new nation should be, with no monarchy and separation of power from the government and church with the freedom of life, liberty, and property. With the idea that people are not subject of a monarchy or the government but that the government works for the people and protects their rights, with people having the right to rebel (and moral obligation) against a government if it failed to protect and honor their rights. Of course, at his time his philosophies got him in trouble when the monarchy was still very much in power and Locke challenge the idea of a Kings appointment and right to reign, or with people who supported a monarchy or those with different religious beliefs, it got to a point when he had to flee his native country twice but those philosophies are the ones that make the very nation where I live and seem to be common sense for the society I live in.

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